Retraction Policy

1. Purpose of Retraction

Retraction is a mechanism used to correct the scholarly record and maintain the integrity of published research. The journal may retract an article when significant problems are discovered after publication that affect the reliability, originality, or ethical standards of the work.

Retractions are intended to inform readers that the findings of a particular article should not be considered part of the validated academic literature.

2. Grounds for Retraction

An article may be considered for retraction if serious concerns arise regarding the integrity or validity of the research. Common reasons include:

• Plagiarism or duplicate publication
• Fabricated or falsified research data
• Major methodological or analytical errors
• Ethical violations in research practices
• Unresolved authorship disputes
• Copyright infringement

3. Retraction Process

Concerns about a published article may be raised by editors, reviewers, readers, or other members of the academic community. When a concern is reported, the editorial team conducts an initial review and may initiate a formal investigation.

Authors are contacted for clarification, and relevant evidence is evaluated. After reviewing the information, the editorial board determines the appropriate action, which may include a correction, expression of concern, or full retraction.

4. Retraction Notice

If an article is retracted, the journal will publish a formal retraction notice explaining the reason for the decision. The notice will clearly identify the affected article and will remain permanently accessible to ensure transparency in the editorial record.

The notice will be directly linked to the original article so that readers are informed about the editorial action taken.

5. Status of Retracted Articles

Retracted articles will remain available on the journal website to preserve the completeness of the scholarly record. However, the article will be clearly marked as “Retracted” to prevent its use as a reliable source.

• The original article remains accessible
• A clear retraction label is applied
• The reason for retraction is documented